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Reference Report for IND93037805
Title:Vertical distribution of threecornered alfalfa hopper nymphs (Homoptera: Membracidae) and girdles on soybean.
Authors:Spurgeon, D.W., Mueller, A.J.
Source:J. Entomol. Sci. 1992, 27(4):317-324
Abstract:Field studies were conducted in Arkansas, USA, to determine the vertical distribution pattern of different instars of Spissistilus festinus, petiole girdles and main stem girdles on soyabeans at different stages of crop development by inspecting randomly selected whole plants. Vertical distribution patterns were characterized by dividing sampled plants into 3 strata: lower (the lower main stem), middle (the lower half of the canopy) and upper (the upper half of the canopy). Most nymphs were located in lower strata on plants of growth stages V2 to V7, and in middle strata on more developed plants. First and 5th instars tended to be distributed higher up the plant than 3rd and 4th instars on plants of growth stage ‚â•V10. Most main stem girdles occurred in the lower plant strata regardless of plant phenology. Petiole girdles were distributed similarly to nymphs, except for a scarcity in lower plant strata. Although plant phenology appeared to affect nymphal vertical distribution, few nymphs or girdles were ever located in the upper plant canopy






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